ASP.NET is an open-source server-side web application framework
designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It was developed by
Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and
web services.
ASP.NET Web pages, known
officially as Web Forms,[are the main building
blocks for application development in ASP.NET.
There are two basic methodologies for Web Forms, a web application format
and a web site format. Web applications need to be compiled before deployment,
while web sites structures allows the user to copy the files directly to the
server without prior compilation. Web forms are contained in files with a
".aspx" extension; these files typically contain static HTML markup
or component markup. The component markup can include server-side Web Controls
and User Controls that have been defined in the framework or the web page. For
example, there is a textbox component which can be defined on a page as
<asp:textbox id='myid'
runat='server'> which will be rendered into a html input box.
Additionally, dynamic code, which runs on the server, can be placed in a page
within a block <% --
dynamic code -- %>, which is similar to other Web development
technologies such as PHP, JSP, and ASP. With ASP.NET Framework 2.0, Microsoft
introduced a new code-behind model which allows static text to remain on
the .aspx page, while dynamic code remains in an .aspx.vb or .aspx.cs or
.aspx.fs file (depending on the programming language used).
Directory structure
In general, the ASP.NET
directory structure can be determined by the developer's preferences. Apart
from a few reserved directory names, the site can span any number of
directories. The structure is typically reflected directly in the URLs.
Although ASP.NET provides means for intercepting the request at any point
during processing, the developer is not forced to funnel requests through a
central application or front controller.
The special directory names
(from ASP.NET 2.0 on) are:
App_Code
This
is the "raw code" directory. The ASP.NET server automatically
compiles files (and subdirectories) in this folder into an assembly which is
accessible in the code of every page of the site. App_Code will typically be
used for data access abstraction code, model code and business code. Also any
site-specific http handlers and modules and Web service implementation go in
this directory. As an alternative to using App_Code the developer may opt to
provide a separate assembly with precompiled code.
App_Data
The
App_Data ASP.NET Directory is the default directory for any database used by
the ASP.NET Website. These databases might include Access (mdb) files or SQL
Server (mdf) files. The App_Data is the only directory with Write Access
enabled for the ASP.NET web application.:
App_GlobalResources
Holds
resx files with localized resources available to every page of the site. This
is where the ASP.NET developer will typically store localized messages etc.
which are used on more than one page.
App_LocalResources
E.g.
a file called CheckOut.aspx.fr-FR.resx holds localized resources for the French
version of the CheckOut.aspx page. When the UI culture is set to French,
ASP.NET will automatically find and use this file for localization.
App_Offline.htm
A
file (not a directory) that disables the application by returning the contents
of the file for any application request.
App_Themes
Adds
a folder that holds files related to themes which is a new ASP.NET feature that
helps ensure a consistent appearance throughout a Web site and makes it easier
to change the Web site's appearance when necessary.
App_WebReferences
holds
discovery files and WSDL files for references to Web services to be consumed in
the site.
Bin
Contains
compiled code (.dll files) for controls, components, or other code that you
want to reference in your application. Any classes represented by code in the
Bin folder are automatically referenced in your application.
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